ISO 27001 vs. SOC 2: Make the Right Choice for Your Business Data Security

12th Apr, 2024

In the world of cybersecurity, choosing an appropriate information security framework is crucial, particularly as cyber threats grow increasingly. Last year marked a 72% increase in targeted cyber-attacks on businesses, emphasizing the urgency for effective security measures. ISO 27001 and SOC 2 stand out as leading framework for Information Security Management System standards that strengthen your organization’s defences.

While both standards are designed to protect critical information, their focus and implementation strategies differ. Understanding these differences is important for any organization determining which standard best supports their unique security and operational requirements. Explore the key distinctions between ISO 27001 and SOC 2, guiding you in choosing the framework that best fits your organization’s needs.

ISO 27001:2022:

ISO 27001:2022 stands as a globally recognized standard dedicated to Information Security Management Systems (ISMS). Its primary goal is to provide a systematic and secure approach to managing and safeguarding organizational information assets. This standard offers a versatile framework with core focus of ISO 27001 is on the robust establishment, implementation, maintenance, and continual enhancement of an ISMS, aiming to enhance organizational information security comprehensively.

What is SOC 2?

SOC 2 (Service Organization Control 2) is a framework tailored to evaluate the security, availability, processing integrity, confidentiality, and privacy of service providers that manage customer data in cloud environments. Primarily aimed at service entities like SaaS, IaaS, and PaaS providers, SOC 2 is pivotal for technology and cloud service companies. It concentrates on affirming the effectiveness of controls implemented to safeguard data and ensure service reliability. This framework is crucial for businesses that handle sensitive customer information in the cloud, ensuring they meet rigorous criteria for data protection and operational continuity.

Key Differences Between ISO 27001 and SOC 2 Certification:

• Control Specificity and Depth: ISO 27001:2022 allows organizations to define their own controls based on the results of a risk assessment, which provides significant flexibility in how the controls are implemented. This approach supports a tailored security strategy that aligns with specific business needs and threats. SOC 2, on the other hand, specifies a set of criteria that must be met for each of the trust services principles it covers. This can make SOC 2 more prescriptive, requiring organizations to meet specific control activities that ensure compliance with the principles of security, availability, processing integrity, confidentiality, and privacy.
• Impact on Business Processes: Implementing ISO 27001:2022 can have a transformative effect on an organization’s overall risk management and security posture by integrating security into all business processes and creating a security-conscious culture. SOC 2 tends to be more focused on the IT and data handling practices specific to service delivery, which may not influence broader business processes to the same extent but ensures that critical data management practices meet high standards of trustworthiness and reliability.
• Privacy Considerations: While both standards address privacy to some extent, SOC 2 has a specific focus on privacy as one of its trust service criteria, which evaluates how personal data is collected, used, retained, disclosed, and disposed of according to the commitments in the entity’s privacy notice. ISO 27001 does address privacy but within the broader context of information security, with additional privacy controls integrated as part of an optional annex or through alignment with other standards like GDPR.
• Risk Management Approach: ISO 27001:2022 emphasizes a comprehensive and proactive risk management approach, requiring organizations to identify, assess, and manage risks to information security across the entire scope of their operations. It mandates continuous monitoring and revising of risk management processes to adapt to changes in the threat landscape or business environment. In contrast, SOC 2 focuses specifically on managing risks pertaining mainly to service delivery and customer data protection. Its risk management is more narrowly targeted, assessing the effectiveness of controls directly tied to the service aspects and customer data handling, making it crucial for service providers, particularly in cloud computing environments.
• Vendor and Supplier Management: ISO 27001 prioritizes vendor and supplier management within its risk management framework. This involves evaluating and addressing the security risks associated with third-party vendors to ensure alignment with the organization’s information security standards. On the other hand, SOC 2 concentrates predominantly on evaluating and validating the organization’s internal controls and systems, with relatively less emphasis on managing risks posed by third-party entities.
• International vs. National Focus: While ISO 27001:2022 is recognized and respected globally, providing a framework that facilitates international trade and cross-border data transfer compliance (such as with the GDPR in Europe), SOC 2 is predominantly recognized and demanded in the United States. Companies operating globally often choose ISO 27001:2022 to ensure a broad compliance landscape, whereas those focusing on the U.S. market or dealing with U.S.-based companies might find SOC 2 more directly relevant and requested by their clients.
• Stakeholder Assurance: ISO 27001 certification provides confidence to a broad range of stakeholders, including customers, shareholders, and regulatory bodies that the organization adheres to a high standard of information security. This can be a significant competitive advantage in industries where information security is a priority. SOC 2’s reports are typically more useful for customers or potential clients, particularly those with specific concerns about the security and privacy practices of a service provider tailored to reassure specifically clients and potential customers.
• Geographical Recognition and Acceptance: ISO 27001:2022 is recognized and respected globally, making it suitable for companies operating in international markets or with a diverse client base across different countries. In contrast, SOC 2, while also gaining global recognition, is primarily acknowledged and expected within the United States, especially among cloud-based technology service providers. This distinction highlights ISO 27001’s broad geographical acceptance, which is critical for organizations seeking a universally applicable information security standard, whereas SOC 2’s relevance is more pronounced in the U.S. market, particularly for companies involved in cloud services.
• Audit and Assessment Frequency: ISO 27001 requires regular surveillance audits to maintain certification ensuring ongoing compliance and improvement. These audits conducted typically annually serves as a cornerstone for maintaining certification, fostering a culture of ongoing compliance and improvement within the organization’s security practices. SOC 2, on the other hand, may necessitate either a one-time audit (Type 1) or regular audits (Type 2) based on the time period specified, focusing more on the systems’ status during the audit over a time period.
• Documentation and Record Keeping: The ISO 27001:2022 standard mandates comprehensive documentation requirements, which include the ISMS scope, policy, risk assessment and treatment methodology, Statement of Applicability, risk treatment plan, and other records that demonstrate effective governance and management of the ISMS. SOC 2 also requires documentation but focuses more on documenting the systems and controls relevant to the trust service criteria being reported on. The emphasis is on documenting the design and operational effectiveness of controls rather than the broader management system context.
• Certification and Reports: Achieving ISO 27001:2022 certification involves a rigorous audit by an accredited body, resulting in a certification that affirms an organization’s organization meets or exceeds international standards for safeguarding information. Compliance with international information security standards. On the other hand, SOC 2 produces a detailed report prepared by a Certified Public Accountant (CPA), which does provide evidence of compliance with the SOC 2 trust principles.
• Continuous Improvement and Monitoring: ISO 27001:2022 requires organizations to adopt a continuous improvement approach to manage and protect information assets effectively. This includes regular reviews and updates of the ISMS to adapt to changes in the security threats, technology, and business objectives. SOC 2 reports, meanwhile, typically focus on the status of systems and controls at a point in time (Type 1) or over a specific period (Type 2), and do not necessarily mandate a systematic continuous improvement process. While organizations may choose to continuously improve their controls, SOC 2’s framework is inherently more static and retrospective.

Safeguarding sensitive information is paramount for businesses. The choice between two well-known certifications, one emphasizing continual improvement in security practices and the other tailored for service providers, presents a strategic decision. Each certification has its unique strengths, offering adaptable frameworks and targeted approaches to security. Ultimately, the decision rests on an organization’s priorities, industry requirements, and global reach, with both certifications enhancing security posture and instilling confidence amid evolving cybersecurity threats.

How we can help you make the right choice?

At 4C Consulting, we pave the way for achieving ISO 27001:2022 certification and SOC 2 compliance, emphasizing essential aspects of ISMS certification and adherence to ISO 27001 standards. Our team, comprised of IRCA Certified ISO 27001 consultants and auditors, brings a wealth of experience spanning over 15+ years with 5000+ hours Training on IT Security Management System (ISMS) across various sectors, ensuring your organization not only meets but surpasses the requirements for SOC2 compliance and excels in attaining SOC 2 Type 2 certification standards. For companies in search of a reliable guide through the complexities of these certifications, we provide customized support designed to bolster your information security framework and foster enduring growth. Contact us now to know more